Add a MySQL Column Using the Add Column Command

Add a MySQL Column Using the Add Column Command The command add column  is used to add an additional column to any given MySQL table. To do this, you must specify the column name  and type. Note:  The  add column  command is sometimes referred to as  additional column  or  new column. How to Add a MySQL Column Adding a column to an existing table is done with this syntax: alter table add column [new column name] [type]; Heres an example: alter table icecream add column flavor varchar (20) ; What this example would end up doing is adding the column flavor to the table icecream, just as it says above. It would be in the database varchar  (20) format. Know, however, that the column clause is not required. So, you could instead use add [new column name]..., like this: alter table icecream add flavor varchar (20) ; Adding a Column After an Existing Column Something you may prefer to do is add a column after a specified existing column. So, if youd like to add the column  flavor  after one called  size, you could do something like this: alter table icecream add  column flavor varchar (20) after size; Changing a Column Name on a MySQL Table You can change a columns name with the  alter table  and  change  commands. Read more about that in the How to Change a Column Name in MySQL tutorial.

The Beginning of Segregation †History Essay

The Beginning of Segregation – History Essay Free Online Research Papers The Beginning of Segregation History Essay Segregation is a term that every American has heard and has their own definition of. What many American’s do not realize is that segregation is not just something that happened as soon as the end of the Civil War was over. This separation of blacks and whites took time and a lot of effort by white southerners to put in place. When Did Southern Segregation Begin takes a piece of history that many do not like to think about and analyzes it from many different angles. Each article in the book has a different view point. C. Vann’s The Strange Career of Jim Crow says that the reason for segregation is the laws that were enforced during the late nineteenth century or â€Å"de jure.† The article talks of how the â€Å"relaxation of the opposition† (pg 53) is a major cause for the Democrats being able come back into power and the implement of the eventual segregation laws such as Jim Crow laws. It seemed like even though the blacks and whites separated themselves from each other, they were starting to learn to work together and to tolerate each other. The excerpt also shows how blacks and whites learned to be civilized when they encountered each other. The division of the two races happens soon after the end of the Civil War. In churches and schools were probably some of the first places to be spilt. During the time, neither place was to be segregated by law. Both places became segregated by the choice of the public. This is an early example of how the blacks separated themselves from the Whites to start to own life as free people. Vann Woodward also talks about the reactions of people in the late nineteenth century to the placement and enforcement of the Jim Crow laws. Of course the black communities were against any law restricting them from everyday rights and everyday convenience. Many whites also were not satisfied with the thought of Jim Crow Laws. The article quotes a Charleston editor saying, â€Å"We have no more need for a Jim Crow System this year than we had last year.†(49). This is just one example of people who saw no need for Jim Crow Laws. Joel Williamson’s, The Separation of the Races, shows segregation being a social separation, or â€Å"de facto,† and claims that it started at the end of the Civil War. The withdrawal of blacks is not because of hatred for the white man, but was a need to leave their past behind them and move away from slavery and servitude. The excerpt shows that many people believe that â€Å"separation was also a way to avoiding interracial violence† (63). The withdrawal of blacks immediately following the Civil War gave whites the idea they had control over the situation. Even though blacks were not giving in, they were just looking for separation between them and the white man. Blacks started to push for equal rights in public areas. Whites started to withdrawal themselves to avoid mixing with blacks. This withdrawal became a push to have the color line clearly drawn and to have laws set in place to prevent mixing of the races. Edward L. Ayers’s, The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction, shows how extreme the battle for a proper place to ride on the train was and how railroads were the starting place for segregation, since the railroad companies were trying to separate the races with no legal right. The trains were turned into the first major place of tension after the Civil War. The segregation on the railroad was just an issue for first class or lady’s car. This is where all the conflict started. During the late eighteen hundreds, many whites and rail road companies were sued over the placement of blacks on the train, and more importantly the first class car. Blacks learned what lines they could cross and not be in the wrong legally. So they pushed for equal accommodations. Howard N. Rabinowitz’s, From Exclusion to Segregation: Southern Race Relations, 1865-1890, says segregation began toward the end of the nineteenth century and was caused by the blacks’ continual push for equal rights. So in turn, whites segregated the races by using laws to keep the blacks from mixing with whites. The color line slowly became very distinct and did not allow direct association with whites in social situations or any situation; they would be allowed to be involved in similar things just in a separate room or separate area. Many blacks just wanted to be treated fairly under the idea of the â€Å"separate but equal† law established by â€Å"Plessey vs. Ferguson.† Whites were not restricted by the law like the blacks were, so if a white man wanted to ride on a first class black car, he may. In turn, blacks just wanted the same restrictions on their cars and their property as the whites had on their cars against a black man. Barbara Y. Welke’s, When All the Women Were White, and All the Blacks were Men: Gender, Class, Race, and the Road to Plessy, 1815-1914, says the segregation began as a perpetration of races and gender on the railroad. The excerpt implies that there are four different kinds of people; White women, White men, Black women, and Black men. The issue of the railroad centered on who could ride on the first class or Lady’s car, and how gender affected this. The main issue was whether it was going to be allowed for black women to be able to ride in the first class car. There were many court cases brought against whites by blacks in response to being removed or threatened to leave a first class car. Finally, in the court case Logwood vs. Memphis Charleston R.R., the judge ruled that â€Å"if a railroad company furnished for white ladies a car with special privileges of seclusion and other comforts, the same must be substantially furnished for colored ladies†(140). T his ruling gave the railroad law to separate the races but with equal accommodations. In the final excerpt, Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow by Leon F. Litwack, he talks of how southern segregation started when the new generation of blacks would not stay in â€Å"their place.† The excerpt talks about how the new generation of blacks did not respect the old ways of the South. The new generation of blacks questioned the lines that separated them from white southerners. The increasing numbers of blacks who would not stay in â€Å"their place† alerted the white community and helped push for the urgent need of laws to restrict their movement and advancement in society. These laws made segregation a common practice of life in the South. Society continued to grow more, and more blacks started to work and associate with whites in places like factories, libraries, and laundromats. So segregation was something whites thought they needed everywhere. The work place became a completely segregated area. The only times mixing of the rac es would take place was only under emergency conditions, during cleanings, and to have a repair man fix a problem. Any place where a black man could be on equal footing with a white man was segregated as quickly as possible. The black man was then offered similar but unequal facilities. This book sites many causes for segregation. There are similar views, like such as Woodward, Litwack, and Rabinowitz’s believe that segregation started by the emplacement of the Jim Crow laws. Their view of why the laws were put in place is different: Rabinowitz says more based on an unclear color line, compared to Woodward’s argument of the relaxation of support for blacks, and Litwack’s states the blacks would not stay in their place. These both contrast William’s argument that segregation was a social divide that was finally clarified with the implication of laws. Then both Ayers and Welke argue over how segregation came out of the railroad. The excerpt that was most convincing to me was Woodward’s article. He gave the reader a complete overview of the whole time period before Jim Crow and up to the strict enforcement of segregation that we think of today. Both sides of the argument are explained and easily understood. His main argument for segregations is the lack of opposition was very convincing and well explained. He shows how the dissolve of the opposition was on all fronts from Northern liberalism to the decisions in the Supreme Court. The Northern liberalism slowly backed down and the Supreme Court ruled on many cases in favor of segregation. Also how he shows how the affairs of the world impact issues of race relations here on the home front. The issue of the Pacific and Caribbean gave a â€Å"bloody shirt† also to the Democrats. This evened the field between the Republicans and Democrats. All the issues that he says leads up to segregation are clearly defined and are also explained in gre at detail so the reader is able to understand what is going on. These excerpts gave a brief look into the making of segregation. They all showed court cases and people’s testimonies about what helped to shape the ground of what would become the new south. The unfortunate enforcement of Jim Crow laws led to years of racial division and tension. Research Papers on The Beginning of Segregation - History EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionTrailblazing by Eric AndersonEffects of Television Violence on Children

Internationalization Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Internationalization Strategies - Essay Example An organization can also have facilities and economic interests in several countries. According to Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson (2011), the main reason firms go international is to extend the lifecycle of their products. Firms require expanding to secure required resources. Supply of raw materials has caused many Chinese companies to expand internationally. Industries such as electronics and clothing move their operations to foreign companies due to lower production coasts. Industrialization in different countries has caused similar demand for products. This has caused pressure in several companies to integrate their operations globally. People in developed countries have similarities in lifestyles and companies are forced to expand globally to meet increased demands. Business level- integrated cost leadership and differentiation Every business requires a competitive strategy in its domestic market. In international business the home country is the main source of competitive advantage. T he ability of a firm to expand into international countries depends on the resources and abilities established in the home country. However, as the business expands into the global market, the home country becomes less significant in providing competitive advantage Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson (2011). As stated by Michael (1998), this advantage occurs in two types: cost leadership and differentiation. ... dership and differentiation are integrated actions aimed delivering goods or services at prices lower than competitors with features acceptable to customers. A business requires efficient scale facilities and control production costs and overhead tightly. Monitoring costs of competitor products helps an organization adjust its prices to lower levels. Advantages The firm concentrates on a segment of customers and tailors its strategies and resources to its service. Hoskisson (2008) argues that strategic competitiveness is achieved when the firm satisfies a group of customers. The firm is committed at providing customers with superior value to gain advantage over competitors. This helps a company increase its profit. For example, Ford Motors estimates that increase in customer loyalty creates approximately $100 million additional profits annually. Firms concentrate more on their core business activities. Firms channel most of their resources on core activities and carry out innovations aimed at satisfying their customers. SAS institute is a software company that allocated more than 30 percent of their revenues to R&D. the firm concentrates on its core competences to serve customers such as the U.S bureau. Companies maintain low costs while serving a wide segment of customers. In the case of airlines, flight attendants may be required to purchase their own uniforms and customers are charged to check luggage. Flight attendants spend time selling products like water, digital cameras and MP3 players to passengers. Global companies can participate in e-commerce. This improves customer relations management. Careful integration of technology in a firm increases successful competition of a business. CEMEX SA, a Mexican global cement company, uses the internet as a link between

Proposal for the analytical report Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

For the analytical report - Thesis Proposal Example ts and demerits of each approach as I compared and contrast direct mail and email  advertising strategies by trying to remain relevant to meet the client’s requirement. Finally, I will present a list of recommendation to my client providing him with the facts to make a policy on which strategy will best meet his marketing plan based on the analysis of the rhetorical situation presented. The scope of my study is will be determined by the benchmarks designed by the client. In this context, my client is disturb by which advertising strategy is effective based on the pros and cons of each approach. With respect to the client’s circumstance, there the comparative analysis will on one hand be executed based on looking for advantages and disadvantages and on the contrary the complaints from the customers based on each advertising strategy. In this option, the customers or consumers feedback based on the experiment of on each strategy will be used. For instance, email marketing has a risk of spam that makes the customer be dissatisfied and hence will not be recommended. In decision-making, I will peg my criteria assigned by the client. The study will require to avail consideration for the customer’s future objectives such as satisfying the customers through minimization of spam through direct mail instead of email marketing. My decision-making will also be due to the significant or number of clients netted in by each strategy. The study primary audience is the client who has requested for my service to be equipped in order to determine the appropriate advertising strategy. My client has offered a particular benchmark to guide my analysis and information gathering. My study outcome will be communicated majorly to address the customer and his situation. I will strictly remain focused on benchmarks given by the customer to amicably resolve the requirement of my client. The secondary audience for my study is the potential consumer who is disturbed by the increased

Cementless Fixation of Total Hip Replacements Essay

Cementless Fixation of Total Hip Replacements - Essay Example Literature supporting or refuting both philosophies is available. Cemented fixation - Cemented stems have a variety of smooth, textured, and coated surfaces that bond to a layer of cement. These stems occupy 80% of the medullary canal to allow for a mantle (ie, cement-occupied space). A centralizer is added to many cemented stems to keep the stem in the center of the canal, which provides a uniform space for the cement around the implant. (Canale, 1998, 314). Differing philosophies guide surgeons in selecting cemented femoral implants for patients. There was a trend in the 1980s to use more cementless implants; in the 1990s, cemented implants regained popularity. Currently, surgeons are favoring cementless techniques again as a result of proven extended service life in long-term outcome studies on porous implants. Cement is indicated when a patient's bone quality cannot be stabilized satisfactorily with a cement-less implant (Wheeless', 2003). The basic principle of uncemented fixation is that the initial stability of an implant is achieved by mechanical interlock and initial apposition of implant surfaces to host bone is converted to long-term stability by the ingrowth/ongrowth of a stable biological interface (Bloebaum etal, 1997) Cementless or pressfit fixation - with use of cemented impant systems, problems related to cement fixation, including loosening, bone loss, and signs of fragmented cement, were identified. Research efforts led to fixation without cement by using femoral stems tightly fit into the canal. This technique often is referred to as pressfit. Pressfit femoral stems have a porous surface that allows bone ingrowth into the stem, referred to as biological fixation (Hoffmann, 2000). One of the coating systems for implants is calcium phosphate-based material called calcium hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is the inorganic phase of bone, is inherently compatible with the body, and has been shown to promote bone growth and enhance implant fixation (Geesink etal, 1987). It is used as an additional way to bond bone biologically to a stem and cup. These stems provide immediate implant stability and fit tightly to the endosteal cavity of the proximal femur. There are four basic shapes for press-fit femoral stems-anatomical (ie, bowed), modular, straight, and tapered (Canale, 1998, 315, Hoffmann etal, 2000). The anatomical stem has experienced increased popularity and market growth as a result of excellent long-term results documented in the literature (Hoffmann etal, 2000). The porous coated stem previously was indicated for use in active, young patients and for revision of cemented hips, but now surgeons are using pressfit stems in patients of all ages who have good bone stock (S Rapp, 2003, 14). Physiology of the cementless system Micromotion of 20 m or less at the bone-implant interface will create an environment in which stable bone ingrowth can occur, that motions of 40 m lead to less stable interfaces, and that motions of 150 mm will prevent this

Globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations

Globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations Introduction: Technology explosion and globalisation have dramatically accelerated the pace of change in modern organisations (Prastacos 2002). Organisational Change has become a compulsion in order to maintain competitive edge or be successful in modern businesses and a difficult process to implement in practice due to its complex nature (Hamel et al, 1996) The objectives of this report are to look at the significance of change within an organisation, relation between bureaucracy and hierarchy, stakeholders, models for involving stakeholders, models for change and etc within Tesco. Tesco was founded in 1924 by Sir Jack Cohen and had earlier roots from selling groceries in Londons East End markets. The first store to be opened was in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware. The first Tesco self-service store was opened in St Albans in 1948. In the 1960s, Tesco started to sell fresh food, clothing and household goods in addition to groceries and opened stores in high streets of towns across England. In the 1990s, Tesco started to expand its operations outside the UK into Eastern Europe. In 1992 Tesco opened its city center stores under the branding of Tesco Metro. In 1995 Tesco introduced the loyalty card and by the end of the 90s diversified further into banking. In the year 2000, Tesco is Britains leading food retailer with 845 stores. It prides itself on quality, customer service and a customer-friendly environment. Task-1: Question-1: Significant change within an organization: A description of the use of ICT for Internal External Communications of the business; Information and communication technology has totally transformed, over the last few years, which has led to a major change in the way communication flows through a business. This has had a massive affect on the way Tesco operates today, as they are a service-related organisation, as they dont produce their own goods. Some examples of changes in technology that have had an effect on the way Tesco communicates internally and externally are; Email- Is used to replace old methods such as faxes, telephone calls and letters, as e-mail is a lot quicker, especially if the message has to be sent to more than one person, it is more convenient than conventional methods, it is also used to correspond with suppliers. Internet- This allows Tesco to create a communication link with the global market; this allows better communication between staff and customers that are overseas. Tescos website allows its customers to see what they are doing externally (e.g.) how they help the local community, it also allows them to explore Tescos range of products and services. Customer can browse through 24 hours a day from anywhere in the world. Network Databases- Has allowed Tesco to replace the old traditional ways of filling and storing information. Customer Service-At Tesco any questions or complaints can be dealt with over the phone or through the Internet, this makes the communication process a lot quicker. Payment Methods- There are a number of ways in which Tescos customers can pay for their goods or services, some of the payment methods that are accepted at Tesco are; Cheque- Details can be printed out at the till, using the information given to produce a receipt. Cheques can be used to pay up to a given price. Debit Card- This allows the customer to pay for their goods or service without any cash, the transaction is automatically checked at the customers bank account, the payment is guaranteed once it has been checked if there is enough in the persons account. Credit Card- This is a similar process however, the money is not taken from the customers account, the sale is paid for at the time. Customers may also ask for up to £50 cash back. IT in store Operation- Information Technology is essential for any large organisation affectively, it is used for many in store operations, for example, monitoring sales, ordering stock etc. Tesco sell thousands of products, therefore they use computerised merchandising systems, to order the correct products to the correct place without these type of system it would be a very long process. Goods are no longer entered manually, which means accurate pricing is guaranteed, because Tesco sell thousands of products, each item has an individual barcode usually printed somewhere on the package, this allows Tesco to monitor their stock levels, which means that once a certain amount of a particular product is sold the computer will automatically re-order the product, this is known as the Sales Based Order. Home Shopping- Tesco has introduced a home shopping service with the use of information technology, this enables people to order their shopping from home using the internet, this is done through a computer programme, it allows its customers to order any of the products that the particular branch sells, orders can be placed 24 hours a day, orders are delivered to the customers home. These home shopper customers have to register and are given a personal ID number, payments for shopping can be made by debit and credit cards. Responsible some factors for significant change: The major sources of changes are the Environmental firstly, taking the shape of economic and political change where we had the rise of enterprise economy and market led economies. Moreover, new work patterns have emerged where more pat-time workers and permanent employees are used nowadays, and with the rise of competition from Europe, Japan or multinational corporations have made it difficult to cope correctly with employees. Finally, we must note the various and fast technological advancements which take place and the shortening of product life cycles that lead to short range strategies and increased flexibility. These factors are discussed as below: Competition in Marketplace: Since year 2004, Tesco, who considers to be a market leader as a Grocery retail sector in the UK not only faced first ever fall in its profit on sales but also faced fierce competition from existing new chains of food retailing market. It is true that falling sales and the first loss in the companys history have forced them to think about radical changes. The UK food retailing market is mature and highly competitive. In addition, the UK market has been affected by negative inflation in the food sector. This negative inflation has been driven by the so-called Wal-Mart effect i.e. downward pressure on prices from Asda / Wal-Marts aggressive Every Day Low Price strategy; it was the Wal-Mart effect that pressurized TESCO into a price war. Changes in Attitude of Customers: Due to high competition, company has faced a considerable change in attitude of customer towards its products. As a maneuver, Tesco has been making continuous attraction strategies for its customers to keep them in close intact in order to remain at top position. So, they always try to bring most attractive goods for the customers. The new option in the goods has been very well advertised nationwide as a result customers are very well attracted towards Tesco. Political factor:  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚   Public concern about the effect of out of town superstores on town centers has grown and both current and future planning policies will seriously hamper future development. Though conversions of existing stores allow some increase in selling space it is limited.  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚   Community organizations have since gained momentum consequent to the Competition Commissions ruling and have been lobbying neighborhoods to boycott supermarkets and large food manufacturers and instead support small independent suppliers, processors and retailers at the expense of large supermarkets like TESCO. Economic:   Businesses cannot control their environment however much they would wish to, instead they must react / adapt to changes within the environment, and this is particularly true in relation to the economy. In periods of recession, many businesses are forced to reduce staffing levels, whilst in boom periods of high growth businesses may seek to expand the size of their workforce to cater for increasing levels of demand for their goods / services. Whilst the UK economy has seen steady overall growth, there has for some time been a cycle of boom and slump within the economy, which has forced businesses to redefine their staffing needs. Social:  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The U.K population on a whole is far more health conscious than in previous years. There has been a trend away from genetically modified foods towards organic foods.  ¨Ã‚  Peoples wealth increases, with the decrease in time for shopping. Besides, people enjoy a busier lifestyle, fewer people cook everyday for themselves. Therefore, the ready meals have become welcome by consumers. Technology: The increasing dependency of businesses on technology to gain competitive advantage over competitors, and the subsequent need to keep pace with technological advances have resulted in increasing emphasis being placed on organisations ensuring that their staffs skill base is constantly re-assessed and developed, through training and recruitment to keep pace with the use of technology.  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Grocery retail sector is a major user of new technology. The increasing use of electronic data interchange, laser and self-scanning and other point-of-sale equipment has been a feature of recent innovations by retailers. The use of loyalty cards and the provision of financial and other services have also involved the introduction of sophisticated computer-based systems. Globalization: In the presence of globalization factor, Tesco also change its policies accordingly. This is considered to be one of the major changes in Tesco operations. Same trend has been showing in international regions also. By that company is working on a change to build strong reliable partners. Conclusion: Organisations are a vital part of our society and serve several important needs and demands.   How an organisation is managed in relation to actions of management and the decisions made have an impact on all concerned including other organisations, the community environment as well as individuals. As consumers plays the lifeblood role in Grocery Retail industry, TESCO approach remains Re-active, were it adopts low price strategy to attract customers. Also TESCO is often forced to change their strategy as the competition changes. Question-2: Relation between bureaucracy and hierarchy to the organisational structure and change: A bureaucracy is a type of organisational structure that is found in many large-scale organisations. It appears in both public and private organisations and is a structure that still exists in the majority of industrial organisations in the world, despite being around since the 18th century. Ideally bureaucracy is characterised by hierarchical authority relations, defined spheres of competence subject to impersonal rules, recruitment by competence, and fixed salaries. The main aims of a bureaucracy are to be rational, efficient, and professional. German sociologist, Max Weber was the most important student of bureaucracy, and he described bureaucracy as technically superior to all other forms of organization. Bureaucratic systems have a greater sense of direction and purpose than other types of organisation structure and this helped by the hierarchy of positions and well developed rule system that is consistent in a bureaucracy. Hierarchy structure is sometimes called the Pyramid structure. In this structure there are few people who working above others. These people such as Marketing Manager have more authority over their employees. In many businesses each part of the department is divided into specialists departments where they deal with different task but have the same overall aim. Management in this structure is led by Vertical Communication, which means that the communication goes from the top of the structure to the bottom of the structure. Advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy and hierarchy organisational form: Weber stressed (Conley, 2002) both the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracies. Advantages of bureaucratic system: Bureaucratic system is a very effective way of structuring an organisation. So, it has some advantages like as below: Bureaucracies provide a hierarchical structure whereby workers can rise through the ranks to positions of relative power. Progression is based on technical expertise thereby increasing the professional management of organisations. The development of written rules offered protection to less powerful workers and provided a basis for trade union negotiation. Bureaucracies replaced nepotism and favouritism with impersonal social relations and the basis for equality of treatment. Disadvantages of bureaucratic system: Although, bureaucracy organisational form is very effective for an organisation but it also offer various drawbacks which are as below: Hierarchies and rules formalise power structures and status divides in workplaces Rules cannot cover every eventuality and are themselves subject to interpretation. Over-attention to a rigid set of rules can often hinder the smooth running of an organisation Bureaucracies can create iron cages which dehumanise work The advantages of hierarchy structure are: A leader or leadership team can give the business a direction A leader or team could make quick appropriate decisions on behalf of the organisation. Employees are clear about their position and Span of control within the organisation. Employees know who to report to in events of problems instead of going to the owner directly for irrelevant issues. Employees become motivated because they get a chance to become promoted to a higher tier. The disadvantages of hierarchy structure are: Decisions can often take time to follow the chain of command. Employees can be demotivated if there are considered as at the bottom of the hierarchy. Decisions may be made by a few that are not in the interest of everyone on the organisation. After researching I have found out that the main structure that Tesco operate in is Hierarchy I think that this is a good structure mainly this is because there are more advantages then drawbacks plus this is a good structure to operate in for a big company like Tesco. Question-3 Compare and contrast of bureaucracy and hierarchy organisational form: Bureaucracy can have a positive effect on the organisation it could also cause alienation and sense of purposelessness from workers within the system. Working in a large bureaucratic organisation may induce the feeling that they are mere cogs in a huge machine, and therefore lead to unmotivated staff and a decrease of efficiency. Communication through the hierarchy may well be slow in a bureaucratic system, due to the tendency towards centralisation, which would affect the initiative at the lower levels. Due to the bureaucratic systems being well suited to predictable and stable situations, they are not very flexible and therefore find it hard to deal with conditions of change. The rules of a bureaucracy are very rigid and are designed to achieve organisational objectives. However due to the rigidity it may obstruct the attainment of goals and lose sight of its overall organisational objectives. Although bureaucracy has proved its need in the current business environment, there are still several downsides, not only for the organisation, but also for the employee. Many argue that in the twenty-first century, a bureaucratic organisation will be too expensive to maintain. It will also be incapable of responding quickly to change and will not be using the innovative resource of its members. Due to the hierarchical system, problems are usually passed upwards, preventing employees contributing to decisions, which will not promote proactive behaviour and can be damaging to an organisation. Task-2 Question-1 Stakeholders: A stakeholder in an organization is any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organizations objectives. (R. Edward Freeman, 46). In the changing business world, a wide range of stakeholders may have an involvement with an organization, such as shareholders, customers, investors, employees, the media, government and non-government organizations. Internal and connected stakeholders: Internal stakeholders include normal employees and managers of a business. In Tesco, the shareholders, the customers and other groups or individuals are involved in the business. These people are called connected stakeholders. All these are very important to Tesco. 1.  Employees: All the employees are important stakeholder to Tesco. The reason for this, that employees are closely involved with organisation. They have a strong influence on the business and the way that the business runs. The expectations that the employees have on Tesco are: A clean and safe working environment Job security Competitive pay rates and benefits such as discounts on Tesco products Interesting and rewarding work Opportunities for promotion and career structure Bonuses 2. Managers: All mangers as well as the directors of the company are stakeholders. In Tesco the manager has a major say on how the business should be run. The expectations that the manager has on Tesco are: developing a local or national reputation as a successful manger working the business to make it bigger than it is now For example at Tescos, those with a high achievement need such as Duty managers or departmental managers tend to seek situations where they have personal responsibility for solving problems, managing projects or for overall performance. 3. Shareholders: This group of stakeholders are interested in the financial part of the Tesco. The expectations that the shareholders has on Tesco are: Shareholders of Tesco want to receive a large and increasing proportion if the companys profits They also hope the companys share price will rise 4. Customers: Tesco are mainly focused on customers. This means that Tesco has to fill the expectations of their customers. These include: Good quality products delivered on time Fair prices After sales service and support, especially for high- technology products. This shows how Tesco are influenced by their customers- Tesco, the UKs largest retailer, buys enormous amounts of products from suppliers and so has great influence. 5. Suppliers: They are expecting to be paid on time and receive regular orders from their customers. Tescos suppliers are interested in any development that might affect the number and size of the orders. Tesco buys its own brand products from suppliers. All products are supplied to Tesco in a finished state. 6. Bankers: Banks and other financial organisations lend money to Tesco and will be concerned that their money is saved. They want Tesco to run successfully and to earn profits. External stakeholders: External stakeholders include individuals or organisations that have interest in the business but do not do anything and have no relationship with that business. 1. Government agencies: The government has lots of reasons to be interested in Tesco: The Inland Revenue collects income tax and corporation tax for Tesco. It is interested in the financial affairs of Tesco Customs and Excise collects Tescos taxes. It collects value added tax (VAT) 2. Pressure groups: These organisations are groups of people who combine to promote a particular view or cause. Pressure groups attempt to influence Tesco by: Campaigning Taking direct action against some firms. Tesco responds to pressure group because they want to have a good public image. 3. Local communities and society: Businesses are an important part of the society. Local communities expect Tesco to: provide stable employment for the community Avoid causing environmentally pollution, noise or other problems that might offend the community. Question-2 Models to involve stakeholders: In recent years, two useful models -a) the Power/Interest Matrix (Mendelow cited in Johnson and Scholes, 2002:208) and b) Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model (Mitchell, et al., 1997) have become popular. Brief Introduction of these Two Models: To assist the analysis, the introduction of the two models is briefly explained in this section. a) The Power/Interest Matrix (shown as Figure 1) implies the political priorities for managing stakeholder relationships by assessing the level of interest and power for each stakeholder (Johnson and Scholes, 2002: 208). High Low High Low PowerE:managing environmentStakeholder Management Publications Management Portal.filesimage004.gif C D A B Level of Interest A Figure 1 Stakeholder Mapping: the Power/Interest Matrix Source: Johnson and Scholes, 2002 Adapted from A. Mendelow, Preceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Systems, Cambridge, MA, 1991. Source: It can be seen from Figure 1; the stakeholders in Segment D have the most important role among other stakeholders in the success of the strategy. Due to their high power, organisations should give adequate emphasis on the stakeholders in Segment C and attempt to meet their expectations. As for stakeholders in Segment B, organisations need to provide enough information to satisfy their high interest in the strategies or issues. Under some circumstances, some stakeholders (Segment A) neither have power nor interest, so it is unnecessary to invest too much in this group. b) The Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model, illustrated as Figure 2, divides stakeholders into seven types and uses them to reflect a different degree of stakeholders salience which is related to the three basic attributes power, legitimacy and urgency perceived by organisational managers (Mitchell, et al., 1997). Legitimacy Power Dormant Discretionary Definitive Dominant Dependent Dangerous Demanding Urgency Figure 2 Power/Urgency/Legitimacy Model Source: Based on Mitchell, Agle and Wood 1997 Mitchell, et al (1997) made detailed explanations for the three attributes. Power means the possibility for a stakeholder to influence the outcome, originating from coercive, legitimate, expert, referent and reward. Urgency indicates time sensitivity and criticality of the situation. Regarding Legitimacy, it refers to the desire of stakeholders to judge the properness of the issue, based on norms, values and beliefs. Both two models are helpful to managers in pursuing success in stakeholder management. However, it is important to realise the limitations that each model might have in order for effective utilization of them. Question-3 Stakeholder mapping in Power/interest matrix model: Stakeholder mapping identifies stakeholder expectations and power and helps in establishing political priorities (Johnson, G Scholes, K. 1999: 215). This mapping can be carried out by means of Power/Interest Matrix (Johnson, G Scholes, K. 1999: 215), which classifies stakeholders in relation to the power they hold and the degree of interest they show to the organisation (Refer to Figure 4). Low A Minimal Effort B Keep Informed High C Keep Satisfied D Key Players Power Level of Interest Low High Figure 4-Stakeholder mapping: Power/Interest Matrix (Johnson, G Scholes, K.) Apply Power/Interest Matrix to Tescos Stakeholders: Considering the comments of Power/Interest Matrix for each group, we can ignore Segment A because it only has minimal effort on Tesco. As to Segment C and D, they are all key stakeholders and their expectations should be satisfied continuously. While for Segment B, it has high interest in Tesco and should be properly addressed through informing information to it. Indeed, stakeholders of Segment D (Owners, Top Managers, and etc) have the expectations of good payback and dividends which require Tesco maintains its profit generation in its strength business Traditional Imaging. On the other hand, these stakeholders also seek for capital growth in somewhat more potential business such as Digital Imaging. Stakeholders of Segment C (Customers) always expect better value for money, and they also enjoy the alternatives and value-added products Tesco provided, which ask Tesco to integrate Traditional Imaging with Digital Imaging to generate more innovation. Conclusion: Generally, the expectations of stakeholders of Tesco are diversely and variously. It is clearly that we should find out the key stakeholders and balance their expectations. Here, Owners, Top Managers, Creditors and Customers are identified as key stakeholders of Tesco and in particular their expectations are assessed separately. Obviously, Power/Interest Matrix points out the type of relationship which the organisation need to establish with every stakeholders group. Thus it is helpful in assessing the political ease or difficulty of particular strategic as well as in planning the political dimension of strategic changes Task-3 Question-1: Models for change: There are various models of change are established over the period of time. Every organization can develop adapt any of those models in change process according to the individual circumstances. Two important models of change which can be used during change management are as follows: Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) Total Quality Management (TQM) I have shortlisted two organizations for the said topic in order to expedite a brief report about adaptation of different models of change as and when required by them. The first organization was Tesco, London, UK. I worked as Manager Administration with this company for two years. When I joined the organization, it was in a recession phase due to certain circumstances. In those situations, management of the company including me decided to develop adapt the Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) model of change.   1. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR):-    BPR has four basic key components: Business Processes, Management Measurements, Jobs Structures, and Values Beliefs. BPR is considered to be a much more top-down managed form of change. BPR is best defined as: The fundamental rethinking radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance.   For clarity, it is appropriate also to define what BPR is not. BPR is not automation, restructuring or reorganisation, or delivering although these may be consequences of a BPR exercise. It is also helpful to consider why Tesco contemplated BPR given its radical nature. There were three probable reasons: The business was failing there was no option but to invoke radical change. Business difficulties were foreseen pre-emptive measures were deemed necessary to avoid business failure. The organization, rather than resting on its laurels wished to build on its success invoked radical change to widen its lead over the competition. 2. Total Quality (TQ):- This model of change was developed adapted by the organization operating by the name of Integrated Business Services (IBS), London, UK. In said company I was worked as Manager Sales Marketing. The company is the top rated production manufacturer house of various technical products including aerospace materials. TQ change model was used by the company in January 2004. The Brief description of the model is as follows: TQ comprises change invoked through four key components: Systems, Processes, People Management. TQ is best defined as meeting customer requirements in a context in which every individual in the organization is a customer of the process preceding their own, a supplier to the process succeeding their own. Thus customers are internal to the organization as well as external. Additionally TQ is a competitive concept because it is concerned with being the best, where best is defined by the market place rather than by the product or service provider the best companies will achieve the level of superiority that is usually high. Customer focus is the essence of TQ. Question-2: Necessary steps for planning the implementation process of the Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) model:- The Four Cornices of BPR Considered by Tesco plc-   1.  Business Processes: The essence of BPR for Tesco plc lied in the adaption of a process orientation. The characteristics of such an orientation were: Multidimensional:  Cross-functional working in organization required combining many tasks into one job or process, in so doing, eliminated hand-offs, reduced administrative overheads associated with controlling the previous fragmented steps provided a single point of contact for process-related queries. Continuous Improvement: BPR recognized continuous improvement in the form of process maintenance continual re-examination redesign of processes which, with time, once more became fragmented. 2.   Management Measurements:- The achievement of a process orientation demanded: Process Mapping:  Existing processes were process-mapped to establish what currently happens why, that was, to develop an understanding of current process. Benchmarking: World-wide cross-industry process comparisons were then be used to establish best practice provided a possible basis for process re-design. 3. Jobs and Structures:- The results of BPR in this regard were typically the following: Flat Structure:  Flat structure was adapted, a process rather than functional orientation, which together with process-teams performed managerial functions, reduced bureaucracy the requirement for complex, multi layer managerial hierarchies. Job Specification:  Job descriptions became comprehensive included details of required level of key competencies such that increased objectivity accuracy could be applied to selection appointment processes. 4. Values Beliefs:- Creating sustaining a process orientation in the Tesco plc demanded: Living the Values:  Senior management lead by example in Tesco plc in this regard. For example: by demonstrating the notion of being customer-facing by spen

Shapes Investigation :: Papers

Shapes Investigation doing an investigation to look at shapes made up of other shapes (starting with triangles, then going on squares and hexagons. I will try to find the relationship between the perimeter (in cm), dots enclosed and the amount of shapes (i.e. triangles etc.) used to make a shape. From this, I will try to find a formula linking P (perimeter), D (dots enclosed) and T (number of triangles used to make a shape). Later on in this investigation T will be substituted for Q (squares) and H (hexagons) used to make a shape. Other letters used in my formulas and equations are X (T, Q or H), and Y (the number of sides a shape has). I have decided not to use S for squares, as it is possible it could be mistaken for 5, when put into a formula. After this, I will try to find a formula that links the number of shapes, P and D that will work with any tessellating shape - my 'universal' formula. I anticipate that for this to work I will have to include that number of sides of the shapes I use in my formula. Method I will first draw out all possible shapes using, for example, 16 triangles, avoiding drawing those shapes with the same properties of T, P and D, as this is pointless (i.e. those arranged in the same way but say, on their side. I will attach these drawings to the front of each section. From this, I will make a list of all possible combinations of P, D and T (or later Q and H). Then I will continue making tables of different numbers of that shape, make a graph containing all the tables and then try to devise a working formula. As I progress, I will note down any obvious or less obvious things that I see, and any working formulas found will go on my 'Formulas' page. To save time, perimeter, dots enclosed, triangles etc. are written as their formulaic counterparts.

Alladin Essay

I enjoy going to the movies. My experience with movies began when my mom and dad first took me to watch â€Å"Alladin†(1992) a Disney feature film. I remember the long line of kids with their parents queuing up for popcorn and soda right before entering the darkened theater. If there was one word to describe how I felt and must have looked while watching what seemed to me giant cartoon characters dancing and singing on the big screen, I am guessing it would be â€Å"spellbound†. Nowadays, my affinity with the movies remains. To me there’s nothing better than settling down with popcorn, a soda, and perhaps a slice of pizza and maybe some candy while waiting for the movie to start. For anywhere between $7. 00-$9. 50, I can spend about a couple of hours eating while losing myself in the story that I have stood in line for to watch. There’s nothing else for me to do but sit back, relax and enjoy the program†¦Or at least that’s what’s supposed to happen. Like most â€Å"adult† relationships, my relationship with the movies has come to be of a â€Å"love/hate† nature. While I still enjoy the films, often I find my reverie and trip to â€Å"a state of mental suspension† interrupted by the most unbelievable and dismaying things. For example, comedies are a favorite of mine. Whether through slapstick or the more sophisticated and witty comedies, I enjoy a good joke as much as the next person does. Unfortunately, when that â€Å"next person’s† version of a laugh is loud and unrestrained and mixed with comments of â€Å"Boy I sure didn’t see that coming! that persists even after the funny part is through, it can rather put a crimp on my personal enjoyment. Date movies aren’t much better either. It can get rather difficult to distinguish whether the sounds I’m hearing are coming from the film or from the row behind me. I’ve noticed that in particularly mushy scenes, it is not unusual to hear sotto voce whispers of sweet nothings among the courting couples and giggling among the teenaged girls in the audience every time the lead characters would kiss . It can also be rather irritating when, in the middle of a rather climactic scene, some person’ s mobile phone would just go off ringing. Only three things can possibly happen then. One, the ringing is suddenly silenced by the apologetic offender hitting either the â€Å"reject† or â€Å"off† button. Two, ringing phone will be answered and â€Å"I’ll call you back† will be quickly whispered. Three, offender will let the phone play out the whole of his ring tone too mortified to admit ownership of the ringing phone and practically ruining two minutes o or more of the film for the rest of the audience. Of course I haven’t even mentioned this very select group of people who just can’t not take the call †¦ It can be unbelievable how important some people seem to think they are that they forget that they are intruding on the rights of others. And then there are also these people who seem to think that it is their sworn duty and obligation to provide a running commentary of the film’s story. For some reason, some people who have seen the film before and have gone to watch the movie again with friends feel obligated to assure their companions â€Å"Don’t worry. The bomb won’t explode. Just you wait and so-and-so hero will arrive in just a few seconds. † After which they proceed to detail how the hero or heroine will save the day. It can get rather tempting to just turn around and admonish them for this. If it’s not the plot spoilers, there are people who just can’t keep their emotions to themselves. I remember one time when I was sitting watching the film â€Å"Constantine† (2005) and heard several screams of the word â€Å"Run† or â€Å"Hide! in about five different languages from the audience. If I ever needed proof of how culturally diverse America has become, well there it was. Don’t get me wrong though. Despite all these, my enjoyment of the silver screen remains. While I admit that there were a few times when I â€Å"cheated† and just opted for a quiet night at home with some select DVD’s and some snacks on my sofa, I still go back to the movie theater. I suppose it can be viewed as a quirk of mine but I do miss the battle of wills I get into with my next-seat neighbor on who claims â€Å"rights† to the armrest separating our seats. I miss the â€Å"stand off† that takes place between myself and the guy behind me after I ask him to please take his foot off my seat back. All these things do not diminish my excitement of seeing the anticipation and enjoyment shared on the audience’s faces including my own as the movie starts its magic with the flashing of its beginning credits. Most of all, I look forward to the many and various reactions among the audience as the final credits roll on the screen and the house lights come on. It’s sad that some people can’t seem to fully appreciate the movie-going experience and treat it along with its audience with the respect they deserve. For me, despite the not so nice experiences in the movie house, the magic and excitement of going to the movies still exist. Our relationship endures and remains strong.

The Crucifixion of Christ Essays

The Crucifixion of Christ Essays The Crucifixion of Christ Essay The Crucifixion of Christ Essay The Catholic Church base all her teachings of faith in Jesus Christ, whom God the Father has sent into the world for the salvation of all peoples. All this history of salvation finds its culmination in the Paschal Mystery of Christ that consist in all which He has done for us through His Passion, death, and resurrection. The passion story is probably the oldest continuous narrative about Jesus. Therefore, The four Gospels show us different details of Jesus’ crucifixion: the mocking of the crowds and their leaders (Mark 15:29-31; Matt 27:41-43; Luke 23:35) Jesus’ thirst on the cross (John 19:28) and the dividing of his clothing (Matt 27:35; Mark 15:24; Luke 23:34; John 19:24). All of these details found in the gospels concerning the Crucifixion are the fulfillment of Psalm 22 as the messianic prophesy of the dead of Christ. The liturgy uses psalm 22 to interpret the Passion, Death and Resurrection of Christ, because, in a real sense, it gives a vivid picture of Jesus’ entire Passover from death to life. The echoes of Psalm 22 in the passion accounts of the gospels make it difficult for a Christian to recite it without recalling points of contact between the two1. As we know, for the Jewish Tradition much of the Old Testament was understood as the history of salvation and a prophecy of its fulfillment in the coming of the messiah but for us as Christians that fulfillment is embodied in Jesus of Nazareth. The evangelists interpreted the Crucifixion in the light of psalm 22, as they adopted its language and alluded to it in their narratives; they understood the life of Jesus and all the details of his person as a fulfillment of prophesies, notably in the psalms. For this reason, I going to emphasize in the fact ofCrucifixion of Christ as that messianic prophecy from the Old Testament, having as a reference Psalms 22, verses 16- 18 written by King David whom as a prophet spoke about the death and suffering of the messiah for the

Graduating College with Honors Benefits and Subtleties

Graduating College with Honors Benefits and Subtleties You have probably seen movie scenes with college students wearing honors regalia, and the whole audience applauding them. Have you ever imagined yourself in shoes of such a student? Would you like to know how your effort can be rewarded after graduation? In this article, we will try to understand what graduating with honors means and what the benefits of it are. What Is All the Fuss About? There are two types of students – the first one just tries to survive through college and get a diploma, the other is all about different programs, opportunities, and honors. It doesnt matter which you relate, as the following information will still be useful to you. So, almost every college has a few types of honors that students can obtain – Latin honors, English honors and Organization honors (be sure to check out which your learning institution offers). Every high school and college establishes certain rules about these honors and the criteria that you need to meet in order to become an honored scholar. Latin honors are: Cum Laude – as for Latin â€Å"With Praise,† typically a student with a 3.5 GPA. Magna Cum Laude – as for Latin â€Å"With Great Honor,† a 3.7 GPA. Summa Cum Laude – â€Å"With Highest Honor† is one of the highest honors a student can get which requires at least a 3.9 GPA. Such honors commonly imply receiving an honor cord (black, silver and golden respectively or the colors that a learning institution chooses) during the graduation ceremony. The fact of getting such an honor is indicated in your transcript. Check out the simple tips for you on how to become a top student without struggling. English honors can be received by the academic department which reviews seniors each year to pick the most deserving ones based on the grades in their major or other qualities. They can also provide you with a recommendation in addition to the honor. Organization honors are given by clubs and organizations to the most contributive students. There are various chapters of the National Honor Society in different learning institutions which offer special benefits for their members, such as help with a career start, discounts, tours, and activities. What Are the Benefits of Graduating With Honors? When it comes to the effort put in the studying process, one can reasonably ask â€Å"Will my effort be rewarded? Is studying  hard worth it?† The reality of the modern world is that no one can tell you for sure if your future employer will be looking at your GPA. There are a lot of vacancies that value experience or your communication skills more than your grades. Of course, there might be a chance that honors will affect the final decision if you and another candidate have pretty similar resumes and experience. Then, probably, the decision will be made based on the smallest advantages. So, here are the five benefits that are characteristic for graduation with honors: The possibility that it will be considered as an advantage when applying for a job. So, when a recruiter is looking through a resume, he or she might find that candidates are almost equally good and suitable for a particular job. If you provide an excellent resume and dont mess up your interview, the fact that you graduate cum laude or with other honors will increase your chances of getting the job. This is a little extra for your diploma. There is nothing bad about having some extra touch on your diploma. If you have such an opportunity, our advice would be to take it and dont bother about the efficiency of the effort you put in your studies. A special treatment. Of course, honored students have certain benefits within their learning institution or when deciding to continue their careers in academic circles. Such benefits might be - an opportunity to travel abroad for academic studying, honors program, research grants, club membership, etc. An extra thing to be proud of. When reaching another step in your life or having another accomplishment, you should think not about the output but about the value of it for yourself. If you know that you will be proud of yourself receiving a cord at the ceremony, why worrying about whether your choice was right? Merit-based scholarships for honored high school graduates. This is the main reason why high school students try so hard to stand out from the crowd and obtain honor when they graduate school. Receiving a financial award is definitely worth trying and is one of the main benefits of graduating from high school with honors. You might also find some information about graduating without debt useful. So, as you can see, there are some obvious benefits that every honored student can count on. However, if you are graduating without honors, it doesnt mean that you are somehow worse than honored students or that your resume will value less. Its more about the type of person you are than about wearing an honored cord at the graduation ceremony. Check out some of our tips that will help you to make your graduation unforgettable. Common Questions About Graduating With Honors What percent of college students graduate with honors? If taking Harward as an example, 2% of students receive summa cum laude, less than 2% get magna cum laude, and about 4% graduate with cum laude honors. In the undergraduate colleges and schools this percentage is higher – 5% for summa cum laude, 15% for magna cum laude and 30% for cum laude. How to graduate with honors in high school or college? The main factor of obtaining an honor is getting high grades. But you can also be considered as a candidate for the honor for: Your participation in various activities Club membership Outstanding research programs Significant accomplishments in sports or studying So, these were the main benefits and facts about graduating with honors. We hope that you found this information useful, and wish you good luck with your studies.

AMP ENERGY DRINK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AMP ENERGY DRINK - Essay Example In the starting of year 2007, they lured their consumers with an added flavor of cherry. AMP Energy was again in the news in March 2008 with the launch of three new line extensions; AMP Energy Elevate, AMP Energy Relaunch and AMP Energy Traction. AMP Energy Relaunch is studded with a pinch of orange citrus flavor, Electrolytes and B-vitamins. AMP Energy Traction will provide soothe with grape flavor, Maltodextrin and D-ribose. Where as AMP Energy Elevate contains a mixed berry flavor and L-Theanine. These products are available on the stores in the packing of 16 oz. single-serve cans. AMP Energy Relaunch is also available in 16 oz. 4-packs. CCL Container and Mistic Brands, Inc. came together for the national launch of Mistic R and for the first time, recyclable aluminum bottle was used. Then onwards, many energy drinks have started using aluminum bottle cans produced by CCL. According to Carolyn Green in "Power Up", the primary consumers of this segment of beverages are below 30-35 years of age and are predominantly male. Teenagers and students are major target market elements for the companies and fall in the age group of 12 to 30 years (Green, 2006). Also, as per the reports, high sugar level energy drinks are comparatively more popular among children and women, contrary to the strong taste and flavor energy drinks which are preferred mainly by male consumers. Around 65% of the energy drinks market comprises of male consumers. A large number of energy drinks products are available in the market. The first group consists of various tea and coffee with green tea. The next group consists of traditional energy drinks like Red Bull and few others. A number of experiments have been carried out in this emerging segment of beverage market like the combination of energy drinks with alcohol like "Hair of the Dog". Also, the combination of energy drinks and smart drinks has struck the market with brands like NOS. In U.S., energy drinks were introduced in the year 1997 with the entrance of Red Bull (Malinauskas et. al, 2007). The energy drink market reached around $4001 million per fiscal year by 2001. The market valuation in 2005 was around $42 billion. The entire energy drink concept was created in Japan in early 1960s with the creation of Lipovitan. The major market regions of the energy drinks industry, according to a 2004 survey are (Marketing research, Researchwikis): Geography Market Share (%) Asia Pacific 58.1% North America 14.7% Marketing Objective and Communication Objective Dale Earnhardt Jr. is also proved to be beneficial for Amp promotions. His constant performance is acting as the thrust to this brand. Amp has featured him in ads, limited edition cans and has also created a promo where around 70,000 consumers can autograph his car. As per the reports, the soft drink market is worth around $56 billion with the sports drink market of around $4 billion. This segment is recording an annual growth of

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Health care marketing - Essay Example The approach is the third step in which, the salesperson’s focus is the customers’ benefits. This is achieved using the FAB technique in which the product’s features are used. Presentation of the sales is the fourth step in which the presentation of sales is delivered after the grasp of the prospects interest. The presentation involves a persuasive explanation of the proposition of the business both visually and verbally. The trial close is the fifth step of the personal selling process. This step is also called the temperature question and is essentially a method of establishing the prospect’s behavior toward the product as well as its presentation. The sixth step is about the handling objections. They indicate the prospect’s interest and the salespeople should not see it with misgiving. In this step, the prospect requests additional information as a guide in the buying decision. This step helps the salesperson establish what the prospects have in their mind. The seventh step in the personal selling process is closing the sale which is essentially an understanding’s confirmation. If the salesperson really believes that the product’s purchase would benefit the prospect, his/her fear of closing the sale diminishes. The follow-up is the eighth step. The follow-up activities are meant to establish business relationships between the prospects and the salesperson in the long-term. The personal sales process is a crucial component of marketing because it enables the companies to collect data from the consumers so that they can modify the design of their product according to their needs and develop long-term relationship with the consumers by satisfying them with their products. This is absolutely beyond doubt that marketers’ efforts should not cause any harm to the society and they must make all conscious efforts to avoid doing any harm. These days, unfortunately, marketers do cause a lot of harm to the society. This is evident from the ads in which